Jumbo

A big old elephant (which incidentally was killed when hit by a train) which is the mascot for Tufts Univesity. There's currently a statue of it at the school, and there used to the stuffed corpse of the original until it burned down in a fire (can you imagine the smell?) So anyway, all that's left now is the charred tail which they keep locked up in a safe somewhere. The elephant was a main attraction in P.T. Barnum's circus.

Lying next to the entrance of the chain link fence that still surrounds Trinity Site are the rusty remains of Jumbo. Jumbo was the code name for the 214-ton Thermos shaped steel and concrete container designed to hold the precious plutonium core of the Trinity device in case of a nuclear mis-fire. Built by the Babcock and Wilcox Company of Barberton, Ohio, Jumbo was 28 feet long, 12 feet, 8 inches in diameter, and with steel walls up to 16 inches thick.

The idea of using some kind of container for the Trinity device was based on the fact that plutonium was extremely expensive and very difficult to produce. So, much thought went into a way of containing the 15 lb. plutonium core of the bomb, in case the 5,300 lbs. of conventional high explosives surrounding the core exploded without setting off a nuclear blast, and in the process scattering the costly plutonium (about 250 million dollars worth) across the dessert. After extensive research and testing of other potential containment ideas,the concept of Jumbo was decided on in the late summer of 1944.

However, by the spring of 1945, after Jumbo had already been built and transported (with great difficulty) to the Trinity Site by the Eichleay Corporation of Pittsburgh, it was decided not to explode the Trinity device inside of Jumbo after all. There were several reasons for this new decision: first, plutonium had become more readily (relatively) available; second, the Project scientists decided that the Trinity device would probably work as planned; and last, the scientists realized that if Jumbo were used it would adversely affect the test results, and add 214 tons of highly radioactive material to the atmosphere.

Not knowing what else to do with the massive 12 million dollar Jumbo, it was decided to suspend it from a steel tower 800 yards from Ground Zero to see how it would withstand the Trinity test. Jumbo survived the approximately 20 kiloton Trinity blast undamaged, but its supporting 70-foot tall steel tower was flattened.

Two years later, in an attempt to destroy the unused Jumbo before it and its 12 million dollar cost came to the attention of a congressional investigating committee, Manhattan Project Director General Groves ordered two junior officers from the Special Weapons Division at Sandia Army Base in Albuquerque to test Jumbo. The Army officers placed eight 500-pound conventional bombs in the bottom of Jumbo. Since the bombs were on the bottom of Jumbo, and not the center (the correct position), the resultant explosion blew both ends off Jumbo. Unable to totally destroy Jumbo, the Army then buried it in the desert near Trinity Site. It was not until the early 1970s that the impressive remains of Jumbo, still weighing over 180 tons, were moved to their present location.

Jumbo was a bull African elephant, possibly the largest elephant ever held in captivity. He was a resident of the London Zoo, famous for giving rides to children. Zoo officials became worried about the danger the 20 year old, 12 foot tall elephant might pose, and he was sold in 1882, to P.T. Barnum. Jumbo became a star in the Barnum and Bailey circus.

Jumbo was killed in St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada in 1885 when he lost an argument with a locomotive of the Grand Trunk Railroad. The train derailed. Barnum's circus carried on after the loss, exhibiting Jumbo's preserved hide (stretched over a wooden frame) and skeleton. The skeleton was donated to the American Museum of Natural History in New York, the hide was indeed donated to Tufts University, and suffered the fate described in the node Jumbo.

Jumbo's name came to mean anything huge, gigantic, or an exceptionally large specimen. Even today, most children associate the name "Jumbo" with elephants.

This word was coined around 1880, which may (or may not) explain why Webby does not know it.

From several sources including:
http://www.barnum-museum.org/html/jumbo.html

Jumbo class vessels are ferries that serve the Washington State Ferry system. They have a length of 440', a beam of 87', a draft of 16', and weigh 3246 tons. They can carry up to 2000 passengers and 206 vehicles at up to 18 knots. The vessels serving the WSF fleet are MV Spokane and MV Walla Walla.