Measure of apparent "heat" for hot peppers

The Scoville Heat Unit measures the spiciness of chiles / peppers, based on the capsaicin present. (This is the chemical that stimulates pain in nerve endings; i.e. "heat", in your mouth.) The Scoville measure was devised in 1912, and involves dilution with sugar in solution until the pepper cannot be tasted. Accordingly, the Scoville rating is somewhat subjective.

Some common peppers and their rating:

• Bell Pepper : 0
• Jalapeno : 2,500 - 5,000
• Cayenne, Tabasco : 30,000 - 50,000
• Habanero/ Scotch Bonnet : 100,000 - 350,000
• Pure capsaicin : 16,000,000

0   5000          20000                 70000           300000
+----+----+----+----+----+----+-- / -+----+----+----+- / -+
-Mild- 
     -----Medium-----
                    --------Hot-- / --
                                     ----Extremely Hot / --

With information from http://wiw.org/~corey/chile/scoville.html

What makes a chili hot is the amount of capsaicin it contains, and the Scoville test was devised by one Wilbur Scoville, a pharmacist, in 1912, to measure just that. The Scoville Scale has remained the generally accepted rating of how "hot" hot peppers really are.

The number of Scoville heat units was originally determined by how many parts of sugar water it takes to dilute an extracted sample of a given chile so that its heat can no longer be detected. The tests were performed by a panel of human testers who would taste each sample in increments, so they were rather subjective. Today, it's all done by machines using a process invented by James Woodbury, and involves dissolving dried chiles in ethanol saturated with sodium acetate; the resulting liquid is measured for heat in labs using HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) testing. Even these tests are not definitive, however, for the heat level of any chile will vary depending on climate and growing conditions.

The generally accepted ratings are:

• mild: 0-5000
• medium: 5000-20,000
• hot: 20,000-70,000
• extreme: 70,000-300,000

According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the red savina habanero is the hottest pepper in the world, with a rating of 570,000 Scoville heat units. Other average pepper ratings:

• habanero, scotch bonnet: 200,000-300,000
• red amazon, pequin, chiltecepin: 75,000
• Thai prik kee noo: 50,000-100,000
• tabasco: 30,000-50,000
• cayenne: 35,000
• arbol, japone: 25,000
• chipotle (smoked jalapeno): 10,000
• serrano: 7,000-25,000
• puya, guajillo: 5,000
• jalapeno: 3,500-4,500
• poblano: 2,500-3,000
• pasilla: 2,500
• mild jalapeno, anaheim: 1,000-1,500
• New Mexico, ancho: 1,000
• bell pepper, pimento: 0-500

Find out more at Chile Pepper Hell:
http://wiw.org/~corey/chile/index.html