A
soliton wave is a
phenomenon that consists of a series or
packet of
constructively-interfering
wavelets. Essentially, a soliton wave can travel extreme distances without
collapsing because the
wavelet peaks act as 'buffers', reflecting wave
energy from the front and back of the
wave packet towards the middle.
Solitons can be observed in the macro world as waves travelling down extensive
canal systems, where the energy of the wave cannot escape
laterally.
Also the operating principle for a non-internal supraluminal drive system in Star Trek: TNG.